Q&A with H. A. Hellyer

Q: Vanshika Thakur, Blogger of The Real Rectitude

A: H. A. Hellyer, British Scholar in Middle East Realignments and Western Legitimacy

Q1: Has the Middle East entered a phase of regional realignment independent of Western influence?

A: Evidence suggests that regional powers are increasingly pursuing independent strategies, negotiating bilateral agreements, and leveraging non-Western partners. While Western actors still influence outcomes, local agency is growing. This shift complicates traditional frameworks of intervention.

Q2: How does the Saudi-Iran rapprochement affect regional stability?

A: The détente reduces the immediate risk of direct conflict and opens channels for negotiation on security and energy issues. However, longstanding mistrust and proxy dynamics mean stability is fragile. Diplomatic patience and verification remain crucial.

Q3: Are Western countries losing legitimacy in the Middle East, and why?

A: Legitimacy has eroded due to inconsistent policy, perceived double standards, and failures in long-term engagement. Local actors are increasingly willing to challenge Western narratives and pursue alternative alliances. This trend underscores the need for credible, consistent diplomacy.

Q4: How does the interplay of religion, culture, and governance shape regional geopolitics?A: Religion and culture are not merely background factors; they actively influence policy, legitimacy, and conflict resolution. Understanding these dynamics is critical for crafting effective strategies. Misreading them has historically led to policy failure.

Q5: Can multilateral frameworks work in the Middle East without external enforcers?A: Regional institutions have potential but often require external backing to ensure compliance. True multilateralism is possible when states perceive mutual benefit and have mechanisms for trust-building. This remains a gradual and context-dependent process.

Closing Q: What defines Middle East stability in the next decade?

A: Stability will hinge on a combination of local agency, pragmatic diplomacy, and careful management of security, energy, and economic interests. It is increasingly shaped by regional actors rather than external powers alone. Success will depend on balancing competing priorities while fostering sustainable governance.